Our partner organisation, Global ARRK has participated in the conference held in Washington. Please read our member, Roz Osborne’s ( CEO of Global ARRK) reflection piece about the conference:
Reflecting on 15 Years Since the Washington Declaration on International Relocation
Fifteen years ago, a group of international experts came together to address the complex issue of international child relocation. Their aim was to better understand how these cases are handled across different legal systems and to develop a set of guiding principles. The result was the Washington Declaration on International Family Relocation, which you can read here: Washington Declaration (HCCH)
In April 2025, over 100 experts—including GlobalARRK—returned to Washington to revisit this important document and assess what has (or hasn’t) changed over the past 15 years.
We were proud to contribute to the discussions. Our volunteer researcher, Nishat Hyder-Rahman, presented findings from our most recent survey, which gathered responses from 165 service users—parents who are “stuck” abroad with their children and unable to return home. The full report is available here: GlobalARRK Research
Our CEO, Roz Osborne, also shared insights into the impact of being “stuck” abroad—particularly on parents who have fled domestic abuse and are struggling to navigate complex legal systems in unfamiliar countries.
The conference highlighted wide disparities in how different countries handle relocation cases. For example:
In countries like Canada and England & Wales, there are relatively clear legal frameworks in place.
In contrast, countries such as Argentina, Spain, Brazil, Germany, and France lack defined legal procedures, forcing parents to pursue relocation through more general family law processes.
While most countries claim that decisions are based on the best interests of the child, it became clear that this principle is interpreted very differently around the world. Key questions—such as whether it’s better for a child to live in safety with one parent or maintain contact with both parents even if safety is compromised—remain unresolved.
Other recurring themes included:
Lack of data: Very few countries track relocation outcomes, though it’s widely acknowledged that successful applications are rare.
Delays in decision-making: Timeframes vary dramatically—from a few weeks in the Netherlands to several years in Italy (up to 3–5 years in some cases).
Lack of Legal Aid: Many parents lack funds to make a relocation application.
These findings underscore what we at GlobalARRK see every day: for many parents—particularly those fleeing abuse—current relocation systems are failing. It is perhaps unsurprising that, when faced with impossible choices and unsafe circumstances, some parents relocate without formal permission.
We are committed to continuing this vital conversation and advocating for fairer, clearer, and more compassionate relocation processes across the globe.
New Zoom video on the Women’s Rights Network YouTube channel. Anita Gera, co-founder of Hague Explained, lays bare the shocking truth about the power wielded under the 1980 Hague Abduction Convention against mothers taking their children across a national border to rebuild after leaving an abusive relationship.
Kim Fawcett and Ruth Dineen discuss the Hague Abduction Convention with our partners WAVE (Women Against Violence Europe). They share powerful stories of resilience and advocacy and reveal the often-overlooked consequences of the Convention for victims of domestic abuse.
The bias that prevails in Hague courts, where domestic abuse is routinely minimised or dismissed, and mothers and children are disbelieved, is replicated in family courts worldwide.
This important paper from FHM member Dr Sonja Aleb-Karlsson (University College London) looks at the impact of these systemic failings on children in England and Wales.
Thanks to the funding we have received from Treebeard Trust, we are absolutely delighted to welcome Krisztina Les as our new P/T Administrator and Project Support person.
Krisztina is a social worker with extensive experience addressing violence against women. She has worked for several years with NGOs focusing on women’s rights, including supporting survivors of domestic violence through crisis intervention and individual case management. She has also played a key role in organising events and campaigns to raise awareness about gender-based violence and reproductive rights. Passionate about feminist principles, Krisztina has delivered training workshops for volunteers and social workers and collaborated with international partners to advocate for systemic change. You can contact her at AdminHague@FiLiA.org.uk
Ruth was recently invited by the podcast team ‘Inciteful Sisters’ to talk about FHM and the problems of the Hague Abduction Convention.
Please help us raise awareness by sharing widely. Every new person who gets to hear about the brutal impact of the Convention on mothers and children is a potential ally. You can listen on Podbean, Youtube, or Spotify.
Thank you! And thanks to Bex and Jane for the invitation.
We are sharing this open letter in solidarity with mothers across the world who are being failed by a justice system which is no longer fit for purpose.
‘Instead of protecting my children the system targeted me, the protective mother, branding me as an alienating mother without foundation and sentencing me to six months of suspended prison for refusing to hand over my children to their abuser. This sentence forces me to comply with dangerous visitation rights or face imprisonment and loss of custody.’
‘Hundreds of mothers across France face similar injustices, our voices are drowned out by a system that protects abusers over victims. I appeal to the international community, human rights organizations, and world leaders to provide asylum for French mothers and children who need protection from a system that endangers their lives.’
‘My plea is simple: we seek safety, justice, and the right to live free from fear. We call upon you to recognize our plight and advocate for systemic changes that prioritize victim protection over perpetrators’ rights. Our fight is for the future of countless children who deserve to grow up in a world where their rights and well-being are safeguarded.’
Please share the Open Letter to help raise awareness of this appalling injustice, one which is replicated across the world.
Patricia Alvarez of The Hague Papers reports on a potentially groundbreaking declaration by the Brazilian Government – one which could be a first step towards safeguarding victims of domestic violence, both mothers and children, who are caught up in Hague proceedings.
An historic Forum on Domestic Violence and the Operation of Article 13(1)(b) was held in South Africa last month (18-21 June 2024). We believe and hope that this unprecedented event will mark a turning point in the implementation of the Convention. Our sincere thanks to Secretary-General Christophe Bernasconi and his colleagues at the HCCH for organising the Forum, and for enabling mothers’ voices to be heard for the first time. It was powerful and profoundly moving.
The whole event was also an inspiring example of the global sisterhood in action.
Fifteen FiLiA Hague Mothers (FHM) members, advisors and partners attended in person, the majority of them as presenters and panel members; others presented online; many contributed to our expert papers that were circulated to attendees; Hague mothers shared their stories; volunteers and staff from FHM, GlobalARRK and Revibra live-tweeted key sessions; online attendees submitted questions and amplified our social media accounts. Every one of you helped to make a difference.
In his opening address, Secretary-General Bernasconi offered the hope that the Forum was ‘just a beginning’. The Brazilian Government’s offer to host a follow-up Forum in 2025 has made that hope a reality. In the interim, and with your help, we will continue to do all we can to raise awareness of the injustices caused by the Convention in cases of domestic violence and to advocate for those affected.
When we formally launched FiLiA Hague Mothers in 2022, we set out to ‘build an international movement for justice’. That international movement came together in South Africa last month. Thank you to every single one of you who made that possible. Together we will make change happen.
HCCH Forum on Domestic Violence and the Operation of Article 13(1)(b) of the 1980 Child Abduction Convention, South Africa
Our member Donna Johnson summarised each day of the Forum from Johannesburg
Opening session summary June 18th
A strong opening session at the Johannesburg forum with remarks from Elsabe Schoeman, Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria; John Jeffery, Deputy Minister of Justice, South Africa; and Christophe Bernasconi, Secretary General of the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH).
For me, the remarks spoke to the gravity of the issue that we are here to address. We were told it is going to be a hard four days.
The ‘landmark’ nature of this huge, interdisciplinary forum was stressed by Dr. Bernasconi. He referred to the moment as ‘truly historic’ as representatives from all perspectives (legal, academic, judicial, women who have fled intimate partner violence, DV advocates, psychological experts, left behind parents, Central Authorities, NGOs and researchers) come together for a crucial dialogue.
He reflected on the journey that led us to this forum. It was through emails from domestic violence survivors and their advocates that he became aware of problems with The Hague Convention when it comes to women fleeing intimate partner violence. Roz Osborne and Ruth Dineen were named as two of the individuals who convinced him of the need for a ‘dialogue among many voices’, in order that continuing, meaningful evolution of the Convention can occur. He said that at the time the Convention was established, gender based violence was not taken into account. He said that now, too often, we hear of women being ‘Hagued’ and that he is disturbed by this phrase. He believes that the convention needs to evolve. To be effective it must be inclusive, it must evolve. Hence this forum.
He stressed the challenge faced over the next days. The program is rich and designed to engage, but the issue is hard and complex. He urged participants to maintain a safe and respectful environment in order that the dialogue be productive, fruitful, and enforce understanding. It is his hope that at the end of the day we all have the same goal: the appropriate use of The Hague Convention.
Day 2 summary June 19th
For those of us who work with women fleeing domestic violence, the conversation got hard very quickly today.
We know that mothers who risk life and limb to extricate themselves and their children from abusive homes are not abductors, but protectors.
Those of us with long experience accompanying women in situations of intimate partner violence know that mothers are between a rock and a hard place.
In every country they face enormous barriers to leaving their batterers. It takes massive courage to leave an abusive man. It’s terrifying. Women turn to the courts in good faith, too often to find their situations treated with indifference.
Too often to find themselves abandoned and opposed by the very organizations with a mandate to protect them and their children.
Their abusers are rarely effectively sanctioned and restrained by their own domestic courts, leaving them as sitting ducks.
For such mothers, fleeing across international borders with their child or children is a desperate last resort.
It is hard to hear these acts of desperation and courage framed as acts of violence.
It’s hard to hear mothers chastised for ‘taking matters into their own hands,’ when it is precisely the lack of protection in their own jurisdictions that leads to the very difficult decision to flee the country.
It is hard to see the power dynamics of the abusive relationship, and a patriarchal society, rendered invisible. The words ‘power’ and ‘control’ were infrequently used, if at all. How is it that abusive men get to run the show? How is it that women and children are made to pay the price for men’s violence? For what other crime are victims forced to stay in contact with the perpetrator? These are questions we need to be asking.
The afternoon session, “Lived experiences of abduction cases involving DV” was profound, honest, brave and riveting. It went off like a bomb in the room, exploding any safe intellectual distance from the subject. We heard voice after voice after voice of abused mothers who have been revictimized, first by the courts, then by the Hague Convention.
Some mothers appeared by video. Some came in person. All spoke at incredible cost to themselves in order that we might be moved in our hearts to recognize the plight of the battered mother and take action to protect her and her children.
Why is it such a big ask?
Some of the words I heard today from ‘Hagued’ mothers:
“It was never about my son. It was all about power and control over me.”
“Women are encouraged to leave, but then set straight back.”
“It’s the strength of the mother that causes her to fight.“
“What is the line that needs to be crossed in order for a woman to get protection?”
“If there are children, they know they can still control us.“
“The safety of children depends on the courts believing mothers.”
“‘Grave risk of harm?’ These are active war zones.”
“Men who abuse women should not be able to dictate where the victims of their abuse live.”
“It is clear a war is being waged against mothers, and the battlefield is the Hague Convention.”
“These cases are not outliers.”
Day 3 summary June 20th
Here are some of the points that stood out for me today:
A man can win custody of a child even though he has
a) kept his pregnant partner in a shed
b) stopped to do a drug deal on the way to the hospital when his pregnant partner is in labour
c) beaten the mother of his child.
It is not necessarily traumatic for a child not to have a relationship with two parents. It is essential to have one solid attachment.
It is harmful to separate a child from his or her primary attachment.
Abuse is not linear, it is not always physical, and there is not always physical evidence to point to.
Domestic violence amounts to inhuman and degrading treatment of women. It is a human rights issue.
What about the human rights of mothers? Do mothers have a right to lives of safety? Do we have obligations to mothers in their own right? It’s not only a matter of the impact on the kids.
Training in intimate partner violence must include understanding abusive men’s tactics, which include counter-allegations, parental alienation claims, and accusing their partners of having mental health problems and being unfit mothers.
Women who are doing everything in their power to protect their children are quite unjustly being named as criminals. ‘Taking’ mothers are criminalized and stigmatized.
The options for women are to stay in the country and take the abuse, or flee and be labelled a criminal and an abductor.
Migrant women are particularly vulnerable to criminalization.
Some of the words I heard today:
“How much risk is acceptable when it comes to women and children’s lives? How much abuse is too much abuse? How much is acceptable? Where is the line?”
“The Hague Convention is the worst human rights violation I’ve ever seen. Maybe it worked 40 years ago, but it’s not working now. The Hague Convention is not fit for purpose.”
“The convention is now being used as a tool to abuse victims. Women are being hung like witches in the Salem witch trials.”
“I would like to see a revolution come out of this conference.”
Day 4 summary June 21st
The Johannesburg Forum has put the plight of ‘Hagued Mothers’ before the world.
The forum showed us that we have at hand all the evidence, expertise and goodwill required to turn this situation around.
But it seems to me we haven’t yet grasped the power structure. Until we start to recognize and confront the patriarchal power structure bearing down upon women’s lives, this injustice will continue. Because we don’t know how to read it. Failing to see it, we will be unable to stop it.
Men’s abuse of women via The Hague Convention is just another form of male violence against women, albeit a particularly cruel form.
Until we start to recognize the fundamental rights of women and begin to protect them as women, and in their central role as mothers, these injustices will continue.
“Men their rights and nothing more; women their rights and nothing less.” –Susan B. Anthony.
